水资源污染负荷强度的灰色有效性预测模型及其应用

水资源污染负荷强度预测是水污染防治的关键环节。基于灰色系统理论,构建了水资源污染负荷强度的GM(1,1)模型、Verhulst模型和SCGM(1,1)c模型,并利用预测有效度计算各单预测模型的权重,进而建立水资源污染负荷强度的灰色GM-Verhulst-SCGM组合预测模型,在此基础上,选取2004-2013年期间工业单位产值化学需氧量排放量历史数据进行模型拟合,利用其2014-2016年数据进行模型检验。研究发现,灰色组合预测模型呈现出更低的预测误差,符合水资源污染负荷强度高精度预测需求;而通过对水资源污染负荷强度实证预测发现,其负荷强度整体上呈逐步削弱的态势,但可能会出现其高速下降向稳步趋缓转变的速率"拐点",预示着水污染防治将由"浅水区"向"深水区"的转变。     

机组导叶关闭规律对相继甩工况的影响

针对“一洞两机”布置型式的抽水蓄能电站,基于瞬变流理论和特征线法,采用多种关闭规律对实际工程进行数值模拟;分析不同关闭规律对相继甩负荷工况时尾水进口最小压力产生影响的内在机理,得到针对尾水进口最小压力的最优关闭规律求解方法.结果表明不同关闭规律可决定尾水进口最小压力出现在先甩机组还是后甩机组工况.采取适当的先慢后快关闭规律可以使得2台机组在各自最不利时刻点的尾水进口最小压力近似相等,并优于其他关闭规律.求解该关闭规律步骤：初步选择一种两段折线关闭规律,若后甩机组尾水进口最小压力小于先甩机组的,则应将关闭规律做调整：将第1段折线斜率改小,将第2段折线斜率改大;若后甩机组尾水进口最小压力大于先甩机组的,则反之,直至2台机组尾水进口最小压力近似相等为止.     

对慢性心衰心阳虚证及其微观指标关系的思考

本文通过对慢性心力衰竭心阳虚证症候特点、病程变化机制、血流动力学、心功能分级、心脏负荷标志物、神经内分泌相关激素、炎症反应物等相关指标的关联整理,研究其诊断价值,为病证结合慢性心力衰竭心阳虚证提供辅助诊断依据,并对心衰心阳虚证微观辨证发展现状进行反思。     

黄土高原半干旱区不同覆膜连作玉米产量的水分承载时限研究

【目的】以黄土高原半干旱区有限降水持续高效利用为目标,研究不同覆膜方式下连作玉米（Zea May L.）的产量表现和水分利用特征,揭示其增产机理,明确不同覆膜方式下有利于土壤水分持续高效利用的连作年限,为试区高产、水分高效持续利用型玉米连作技术提供理论依据。【方法】以田间定位试验为基础,量化连作玉米农田土壤水分的年际平衡关系、产量稳定性;以持续高产和收获期不发生土壤干燥化为依据,确定适用于不同覆膜方式的玉米连作年限。【结果】3年试验结果表明,全膜双垄沟播具有良好的保墒、提高土壤水分有效性,利于协调关键生育时期土壤-作物的水分供需关系,提高产量和水分利用效率的作用。与半膜平作处理相比,全膜双垄沟播玉米的籽粒产量、水分利用效率分别提高了41.8%和33.4%,生物产量、单位耗水的干物质累积量、总产值、净产值、毫米水产值和产投比分别提高了21.8%、12.3%、31.2%、27.8%、21.1%和-3.2%;与露地栽培处理相比生物产量、单位耗水的干物质累积量、总产值、净产值、毫米水产值和产投比分别提高了24.9%、39.1%、225.5%、1 423.9%、212.4%和93.5%。地膜覆盖增大了玉米全生育时期的耗水量,全膜双垄沟播、全膜平作和半膜平作耗水量较露地栽培增幅分别为15.5%-29.2%、10.0%-20.8%和4.2%-12.6%。单季较高的耗水量导致3种覆盖处理在连作第二年收获期土壤贮水量较连作开始期分别降低了37.3%、33.5%和30.9%,第三年降低了29.6%、27.5%和23.9%,造成土壤水分亏缺;随着连作年限的延长,土壤水分亏缺累计,出现土壤干化现象,引起产量波动,不利于土壤水分的持续利用。【结论】黄土高原半干旱区,在同等降雨条件下,全膜双垄沟播具有明显的增产增效和提高水分利用效率的作用,是理想的玉米种植模式;当年降雨量在320 mm左右时,全膜双垄沟播玉米连作不宜超过2年,全膜平作、半膜平作玉米的连作时间不宜超过3年。     

Comparisons of Methods for In-Plane Bearing Capacity Calculation of Two-Hinged Parabolic Steel Arch Under Full-Span and Half-Span Loads

The internal force would vary largely with different load ratio for steel arches under combined full-span with half-span loads. However, most relevant formulas on in-plane stability capacity of steel arches were obtained by studying the stability under a single load. Thus, it lacks full considerations of the applicability of bearing capacity formulas under a combined full-span load with half-span load. To overcome this shortcoming, the two-hinged parabolic steel arch was used to compare the results of bearing capacity of arches with different load ratios, rise-span ratios and sections calculated by several methods, The method proposed in the current Chinese design specification of steel arch structure and the finite element method based on the perfect arch and the consistent imperfect arch were included. The results showed that the method in the specification for designing a steel arch would be conservative with a large ratio of the full-span load to the total loads while unsafe with a large ratio of the half-span load to the total loads.     

辽宁省主要地区农田生态系统氮负荷的研究

利用辽宁省统计年鉴以及文献相关数据,通过农田养分收支平衡的计算,使用GIS工具,探讨辽宁省各地区农田生态系统的氮平衡变化.结果表明,辽宁省2007-2009年的平均总氮输入量是1.40E+ 09kg/a,平均总氮输出量是9.28E +08kg/a,平均总氮负荷是4.68E +08kg/a;其中,由使用化肥所产生的氮输入占总氮输入量的56.75％,有机肥氮占总氮输入量的18.73％.平均单位面积的氮输入量为358.94kg/(hm2·a),平均单位面积的氮输出量为240.37kg/(hm2·a),平均氮负荷为118.57kg/(hm2·a).通过对辽宁省14个地区农田生态系统的氮负荷研究,可以预测出不同地区的农田氮负荷对辽河流域水环境以及地下水的潜在威胁,对农田非点源污染的管理与预防具有重大意义.     

基于负荷历时曲线估算新疆河流泥沙通量的方法

目前,准确估算河流泥沙通量是实施河流泥沙总量控制的前提。以新疆北疆河流1980年的含沙量资料为基础,基于负荷历时曲线方法计算泥沙通量,分析泥沙通量的年际变化及其影响因素,探讨基于负荷历时曲线通量估算的不确定性、适用性。得出基于负荷历时曲线的通量估算方法能较准确估算新疆河流泥沙通量,可为新疆河流泥沙通量的研究提供新思路,为泥沙防治工作提供理论依据,具有一定的学术意义和应用价值。     

CNG发动机气缸盖及冷却水套流-固耦合模拟分析及改进

发动机正常工作时气缸盖承受较大的热负荷并且工作环境很恶劣,通过运用Pro/E、FLUENT等软件可以对缸盖进行比较理想和可靠的热负荷分析,在此基础上提出改善和优化的方法,并通过试验方法对比了改进前后相关部件的工作情况。     

基于无线传感器网络的温湿度监测系统设计与实现

给出了以CC2430芯片为核心的环境监测无线传感器网络实现方案.设计中充分考虑到节点的剩余能量、链路质量和节点负载等因素,提出了一种能耗均衡树算法,使网络节点的负载逐渐趋于均衡,解决了因负载分配不均衡,使得网络节点出现过早失效、缩短网络寿命问题.实验表明,算法可均衡节点负载,延长网络的生存时间,实现网络的长效运行.     

Comparing Immature Development and Life History Traits in Two Coexisting Host-Feeding Parasitoids,Diglyphus isaea and Neochrysocharis formosa (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

Coexisting natural enemies that share a common host resource in the same guild usually exhibit variation in their life history traits, due to their need to share a similar ecological niche. In this study, we compared the immature development times and adult life history traits of two coexisting, host-feeding parasitoids, Diglyphus isaea Walker and Neochrysocharis formosa Westwood (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), of which both attack larvae of the same agromyzid leafminers. These two species are both synovigenic, idiobiont parasitoids, whose adults consume host fluids (“host feeding”) and lay anhydropic eggs. Of the two, D. isaea has a larger body but little or no initial egg load, and engages in similar lifetime host-feeding events. However, it achieves higher fecundity, longer adult longevity, and higher host suppression ability than N. formosa, which has a smaller body and higher initial egg load. Although D. isaea engages in similar lifetime host-feeding events with N. formosa, all of its gains in life history traits per host-feeding event of D. isaea were larger than those of N. formosa. The age-specific fecundity and host mortality curves of N. formosa were more skewed in early life than those of D. isaea. In addition, the ovigeny index of N. formosa was negatively correlated to body size. Our results confirmed that two coexisting parasitoids, which share the same host resource, show different immature development patterns and life history traits, suggesting that different resource allocation mode could be a general rule of coexisting species sharing the same habitat or host.